{"id":7408,"date":"2018-02-26T07:44:34","date_gmt":"2018-02-25T23:44:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.envguide.com\/?p=7408"},"modified":"2018-03-15T01:26:11","modified_gmt":"2018-03-14T17:26:11","slug":"summary-of-site-characterization-needs-for-contaminated-sediment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/us.envguide.com\/summary-of-site-characterization-needs-for-contaminated-sediment\/","title":{"rendered":"Table 1. Summary of Site Characterization Needs for Contaminated Sediment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 1. Summary of Site Characterization Needs for Contaminated Sediment<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Data Type<\/strong><\/td>\nPotential Site characterization Approach<\/strong><\/td>\nImplication for remedy selection<\/strong><\/td>\nTools involved<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Physical characteristic<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sediment stability<\/td>\nRequire to perform tests including bathymetric survey, grain size analysis, bed pins, scour chains, geochronology cores.<\/td>\nStable sediments require less erosion protection for capping options, conductive to monitored natural recovery if cleaner material is being deposited<\/td>\nSedflume measurement;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

sediment trap;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

bathymetric survey<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Sediment deposition rate<\/td>\nSediment deposition rates may be estimated using sediment trap and geochronology cores. Requiring dredge record, historical bathymetry survey, sediment dating<\/td>\nMonitored natural recovery requires deposition of clean material over contaminated material<\/td>\nsediment trap;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

core sampler<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Erosion potential of bedded sediments<\/td>\nEstimated using combined Sedflume measurement, flow measurement, and hydrodynamic evaluations<\/td>\nContaminated sediment with high resuspension potential may represent source of downstream and water column contamination<\/td>\nflow(hydrodynamic) measurement device;<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Water depth and site bathymetry<\/td>\nBathymetric features including water depth estimation; it helps delineation of contaminant extent<\/td>\nImportant for removal method selection<\/td>\nwater measurement device<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

In-water and shoreline infrastructure<\/td>\nPhysical and geophysical site survey for identifying location of structure<\/td>\nThe presence of structure has impact on feasibility of various sediment remediation options<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Presence of hard bottom<\/td>\nHard bottom (bedrock, hard pan, coarse sediment, large cobbles, boulders) maybe identified<\/td>\nThe presence of hard bottom may limit the effectiveness of dredging.<\/td>\nsediment core (for hard bottom);<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

geophysical survey<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Presence of debris<\/td>\nDebris survey performed in urban waterway should include geophysical survey, diver survey<\/td>\nThe presence of debris has significant impact on feasibility and effectiveness of removal based sediment remedies<\/td>\nside scan sonar;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

sub bottom profiler;<\/p>\n

underwater photograph;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

metal detector<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Hydrodynamics<\/td>\nThe evaluation should include assessment of wave action, tidal force, wind-driven seiche potential<\/td>\nHydrodynamics have direct bearing on the evaluation of contaminant mobility, and therefore capping-based remedies and MNR remedies<\/td>\ndoppler profile;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

water stage data;<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Groundwater\/
\nsurface water interaction<\/td>\n		Evaluation of the potential of groundwater movement to transport subsurface sediment and groundwater contaminant to surface sediment layer and water column.<\/td>\nUseful for understanding groundwater source control, contaminant fate and transport, and bioavailability. Areas with high advective groundwater flux may limit the effectiveness of sediment remedies.<\/td>\nwater level log;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Piezometer;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Geochemical measurement<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Sediment and pore-water geochemistry (TOC, DOC, POC)<\/td>\nCharacterizing sediment and pore water for a range of constituents may be useful for understanding contaminant fate and transport processes, biodegradation and contaminant bioavailability.<\/td>\nUseful for evaluation of MNR, in-situ treatment and capping technologies<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sediment characteristics<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Geotechnical properties<\/td>\nincluding bulk density, shear strength, specific gravity, water content, cohesiveness, organic content, Atterberg limits<\/td>\nGeotechnical parameters have direct effect on feasibility of all remedial technologies; also useful in evaluation of dewaterability of dredged sediment<\/td>\ncore sampler;<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Potential for resuspension\/
\nresidual<\/td>\n		Elutriate testing such as dredged residual elutriate test (DRET) can inform assessment of short term water quality impacts<\/td>\nData maybe used to evaluate releases during dredging and to estimate potential short term and long term impact<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sediment consolidation (pore-water extraction)<\/td>\nProvide engineering properties needed to calculate settlement or pore-water extraction, followed by chemical testing<\/td>\nInfluence extent to which dissolved contaminant may move into cap during placement and settling.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Benthic community structure and bioturbation potential<\/td>\nCharacterization of benthic community through diversity and abundance survey may be performed to determine habitat characteristics<\/td>\nThe presence of a healthy benthic community should be considered when evaluating invasive sediment remedies such as dredging<\/td>\n\u00a0core sampler;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

benthic sampler<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Contaminant transformation of degradation<\/td>\nLiterature surveys should be performed to develop an initial understanding of the potential for contaminant transformation and degradation.<\/td>\nSupport capping models and evaluate MNR \uff08Monitored natural recovery \uff09<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Source identification and control<\/td>\nDevelop CSM that considers sources of contaminants; identify regulatory program and framework in place to control sources of contaminant<\/td>\nEffective source control is a critical components of all successful sediment remedies<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ebullition<\/td>\nidentify areas with significant ebullition<\/td>\nAffect contaminant mobility and transport and may impede capping success<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Background<\/td>\nCharacterization of natural and anthropogenic background is critical for bioaccumulative chemicals such as PCBs; testing may be bulk sediment, surface water, biota tissue, and pore water<\/td>\ncharacterization of background is critical to the evaluation of MNR and the establishment of achievable site cleanup levels and effectiveness of any remedial technology’<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Contaminant characteristics<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Horizontal and vertical distribution of contamination<\/td>\nThe area and volume of sediment contamination that is useful for identifying area of diffuse, widespread, low level contamination and localized area of high concentration<\/td>\nCritical element for evaluation of all sediment remedial technologies.<\/td>\nXRF for metals;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

UVF for PAH;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Immunoassay(PCB, PAH, pesticide, dioxin)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Contaminant type (Inorganic, UXO, size fraction)<\/td>\nMost contaminant are associated with the fine-grained sediment fraction (silt and clay), some contaminant area sand-sized and larger (lead shot, UXO)<\/td>\nDirect effect on risk and exporesure potential as well as removal strategies<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Contaminant concentration<\/td>\nBulk sediment, surface water, pore-water, and biota tissue may be analyzed to determine contaminant concentration distribution and bioavailability<\/td>\nCritical element for evaluation of all sediment remedial technologies.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Exposure pathway<\/td>\nExposure pathway contributing to risk at the site and the degree of risk throughout the site<\/td>\nDirect impact on the RAOs and evaluation of remedial technologies<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Presence of source material (NAPL)<\/td>\nSediment core should be evaluated to determine presence\/absence of NAPL<\/td>\nDirect effect on releases during dredging and the effectiveness of capping, MNR.<\/td>\nsediment core sampler<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Contaminant mobility<\/td>\nNAPL and soluble contaminants should be identified<\/td>\nCritical element for evaluation of all sediment remedial technologies.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Contaminant bioavailability and toxicity<\/td>\nMeasures needed to fully assess risk at sediment sites<\/td>\nCritical element for assessing risk and developing site cleanup level and to identify areas that may contribute disproportionately to potential site risk<\/td>\nBioassay for toxicity;<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Contaminant transformation of degradation<\/td>\nLiterature surveys should be performed to develop an initial understanding of the potential for contaminant transformation and degradation.<\/td>\nSupport capping models and evaluate MNR<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Source identification and control<\/td>\nDevelop CSM that considers sources of contaminants; identify regulatory program and framework in place to control sources of contaminant<\/td>\nEffective source control is a critical components of all successful sediment remedies<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ebullition<\/td>\nidentify areas with significant ebullition<\/td>\nAffect contaminant mobility and transport and may impede capping success<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Background<\/td>\nCharacterization of natural and anthropogenic background is critical for bioaccumulative chemicals such as PCBs; testing may be bulk sediment, surface water, biota tissue, and pore water<\/td>\nCharacterization of background is critical to the evaluation of MNR and the establishment of achievable site cleanup levels and effectiveness of any remedial technology’<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Table 1. Summary of Site Characterization Needs for Con … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":7657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[241,129,131,140],"tags":[296,298,247,297,273,277,224],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTable 1. Summary of Site Characterization Needs for Contaminated Sediment • EnvGuide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.envguide.com\/summary-of-site-characterization-needs-for-contaminated-sediment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Table 1. 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